Doctor, writer and activist of the workers ‘and peasants’ movement. He was born in Ukraine in 1886, died in Warsaw in 1972. He worked in various factories in the USA, where he also studied medicine and received a doctoral degree. He was active in the American Socialist Party. After his return to Poland, he worked in PSL – Wyzwolenie, a member of the Sejm, then a member of the Independent Peasants’ Party, arrested and released, he cooperated with the KPP under the pseudonym Doktor. During the Nazi occupation, he joined the Polish Workers’ Party (PPR) and was a prisoner in the Auschwitz Birkenau camp. After the liberation of the camp, he settled in Krakow and became the city’s president. He wrote several books describing memories of the past. He was the director of the Commission for the Investigation of Hitler’s Crimes in Poland.