Street chains served a defensive function in Krakow. They were heavy and iron and stretched across the streets leading to the main square. In some streets, they were doubled. The beginning of their existence dates back to the 14th century. Even today, we can see similar chains on Floriańska street,

Kremer Karol was an architect, restorer and builder. He was born in 1812 in Krakow. He studied at the Jagiellonian University, later became a builder and then director of construction. He married Maria Grabowska. Karol Estreicher was his brother-in-law. The main contribution of Karol Kremer was the introduction of modern fire

Kaiser is a round wheat bun, cross-cut on the top. In the past, it was called the Viennese bun, because that’s where it comes from. It was the favourite baking of the Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph, so the Viennese called it Kaiser (this in German means ’emperor’). The bun became